Vision of Ireland | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show Surrey RegC table	Lambeth RegD/PLPar

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	40,055
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	1,175
(1) Officers of National Government	691
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	280
Post Office	183
Inland Revenue	72
Customs	90
Government Messengers, Workmen	58
Dockyard Artificers	4
Other Govt.	4
(2) Officers of Local Government	452
Magistrate	8
Police	336
Prison Officer	21
Union and Parish Officer	40
Officer of Local Board	10
Other Local Officers	37
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	32
E. India and Col. Service	32
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	221
(1) Army	155
Army Officer	22
Army Half-pay Officer	25
Soldier	23
Chelsea Pensioner	72
Militia	7
Others	6
(2) Navy	66
Navy Officer	16
Navy Half-pay Officer	14
Seaman, R.N.	10
Royal Marine	6
Greenwich Pensioner	11
Others	9
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	2,201
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	174
Clergyman	69
Protestant Minister	34
Roman Catholic Priest	0
Other Relig. Teachers	43
Parish Clerk	5
Other Church Officers	23
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	644
Barrister	36
Solicitor	188
Law Student	4
Other Lawyers	15
Officers of Law Court	25
Law Clerk	335
Law Stationer	41
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	371
Physician	20
Surgeon, Apothecary	149
Medical Student, Assist.	27
Dentist	21
Druggist	150
Others	4
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	108
Author, Editor, Writer	53
Ors. eng. in Literature	55
(5) Artists	258
Artist, Painter	115
Sculptor	25
Engraver	73
Photographic Artist	43
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	2
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	213
Musician	179
Music-master	33
Others	1
(7) Actors, Actresses	110
Actor	69
In Theatres, Exhibitions	41
(8) Teachers	220
Schoolmaster	113
Teacher of Languages	29
Profes. of Mathematics	7
Teacher (General)	40
Teacher of Dancing	20
Other Teachers	11
(9) Scientific Persons	103
Civil Engineer	92
Other Scientific Persons	11
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	201
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	178
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	178
(4) Scholars (so described)	23
Scholar (so described)	23
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	1,503
(1) In Board and Lodging	551
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	16
Publican	263
Beerseller	128
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	10
Coffee-house Keeper	76
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	34
Others--Boarding, &c.	24
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	952
Domst. Serv. (General)	262
Coachman	135
Groom	37
Gardener	130
Inn Servant	381
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	2
Others	5
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	3,001
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	2,536
Merchant	323
Banker	7
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	69
Stock Broker, &c.	83
Ship Broker, Agent	67
Broker	87
Agent, Factor	159
Coal, Colliery Agent	2
Iron Merchant, Agent	10
Salesman	23
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	56
Accountant	111
Commercial Clerk	1,274
Commercial Traveller	233
Other Mercantile Men	32
(2) Other General Dealers	465
Pawnbroker	60
Marine-store Dealer	30
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	274
Shopkeeper	40
Hawker, Pedlar	43
Other General Dealers	18
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	3,841
(1) Carriers on Railways	761
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	138
Railway Official	140
Railway Servant	464
Railway Police	15
Ors. eng. in	4
(2) Carriers on Roads	1,716
Toll Collector	18
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	108
Livery Staple Keeper	11
Coachman (not domstc.)	376
Cabman, Flyman	322
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	863
Others	18
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	298
Canal and River Service	4
Bargeman, Waterman	293
Others	1
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	337
Shipowner	9
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	169
Pilot	0
Boatman on Seas	0
Dock Servant, Labourer	105
Wharfinger	21
Others	33
(5) Engaged in Storage	228
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	183
Others in Storage	45
(6) Messengers and Porters	501
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	481
Telegraph Service	20
Others in Messages	0
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	1,034
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	224
Land Proprietor	79
Farmer, Grazier	33
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	4
Farm Bailiff	6
Agricultural Labourer	78
Shepherd (out-door)	0
Farm Servant (in-door)	1
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	20
Others in Agriculture	3
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	0
Woodman	0
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	810
Gardener	754
Nurseryman	55
Others in Horticulture	1
9. Persons engaged about Animals	472
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	472
Horse Dealer	10
Horsebreaker	4
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	287
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	92
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	7
Drover	23
Pig Merchant, Dealer	1
Gamekeeper	0
Vermin Destroyer	2
Fisherman	39
Others about Animals	7
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	10,435
(1) In Books	1,158
Bookseller, Publisher	122
Bookbinder	140
Printer	804
Newspaper Agent	79
Others in Publications	13
(2) In Musical Instrument	157
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	126
Others	31
(3) In Prints and Pictures	181
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	55
Others	126
(4) In Carving and Figures	80
Wood-carver	27
Others	53
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	52
Toy Maker, Dealer	22
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	30
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	51
Pattern Designer	28
Others	23
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	133
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	83
Optician	20
Weight or Measure Mkr.	9
Others	21
(8) In Surgical Instruments	30
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	22
Others	8
(9) In Arms	60
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	47
Others	13
(10) In Machines	1,147
Eng. and Mach. Maker	1,029
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	2
Scissors-maker	0
Tool Maker, Dealer	34
File-maker	7
Saw Smith, Maker	21
Cutler	24
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	0
Razor-maker	0
Others in Tools, Mchns.	30
(11) In Carriages	392
Coachmaker	380
Others	12
(12) In Harness	134
Saddler, Harness-maker	118
Whip-maker	16
(13) In Ships	178
Shipbldr., Shipwright	19
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	12
Boat, Barge,--Builder	135
Sailmaker	7
Others	5
(14) In Houses and Buildings	5,716
House Proprietor	193
House Agent	41
Architect	81
Surveyor	66
Builder	253
Carpenter, Joiner	1,974
Bricklayer	1,024
Marble Mason	15
Mason, Pavior	495
Slater, Tiler	81
Plasterer	233
Paperhanger	46
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	1,166
Others	48
(15) In Furniture	656
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	278
Undertaker	33
Chair-maker	141
Picture-frame Maker	19
Carver, Gilder	92
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	22
Furniture Broker	52
Others	19
(16) In Implements	166
Wheelwright	134
Millwright	31
Other Implement Mkrs.	1
(17) In Chemicals	144
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	29
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	14
Dyer, Calenderer	48
Others	53
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	3,203
(1) In Wool and Worsted	73
Woolstapler	7
Felt manufacture	1
Woollen Cloth manuf.	17
Clothier	15
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	0
Worsted manufacture	4
Stuff manufacture	2
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	17
Others	10
(2) In Silk	67
Silk manufacture	30
Silk Dyer, Printer	4
Silk Mercer	14
Ribbon manufacture	4
Others	15
(3) In Cotton and Flax	45
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	1
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	12
Cotton manufacture	7
Fustian manufacture	2
Muslin manufacture	1
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	2
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	20
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	376
Packer and Presser	10
Weaver (undefined)	3
Manchester Warehmn.	29
Draper, Mercer	324
Others	10
(5) In Dress	2,576
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	128
Hatter, Hat manuf.	222
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	16
Shawl manufacture	1
Furrier	25
Tailor	691
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	42
Button-maker	6
Hose manufacture	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	40
Glover, Leather, &c.	10
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	1,248
Patten, Clog,--Maker	4
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	20
Others providing Dress	122
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	66
Mat Maker, Seller	8
Rope, Cord,--Maker	10
Canvas Maker, Dealer	2
Sailcloth manufacture	0
Others	46
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	3,156
(1) In Animal Food	957
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	205
Cheesemonger	103
Butcher, Meat Salesman	442
Provision Curer, Dealer	49
Poulterer, Game Dealer	24
Fishmonger	125
Others	9
(2) In Vegetable Food	1,116
Corn Merchant, Dealer	117
Miller	90
Flour Dealer, Agent	8
Baker	588
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	70
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	212
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	9
Potato Merchant	8
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	11
Sugar Refiner	2
Others	1
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	1,083
Maltster	13
Brewer, &c.	157
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	179
Distiller, Rectifier	54
Cellarman	43
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	30
Grocer, Tea Dealer	407
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	32
Tobacconist	77
Others	91
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	538
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	294
Soap-boiler	28
Tallow-chandler	135
Comb-maker	38
Others	93
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	168
Fellmonger	0
Skinner	1
Tanner	12
Currier	80
Others	75
(3) In Hair	76
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	9
Brush, Broom,--Maker	66
Others	1
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	1,384
(1) In Gums and Resins	233
Oil Miller, Refiner	12
Oil and Colourman	90
French-polisher	93
Japanner	10
Others	28
(2) In Wood	842
Timber Merch., Dealer	124
Wood Dealer	53
Sawyer	343
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	1
Lath-maker	14
Turner	57
Box-maker	24
Cooper	159
Hoop Maker, Bender	0
Others	67
(3) In Bark	47
Cork Cutter, manuf.	47
Others Workers in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	63
Basket-maker	43
Hay and Straw Dealer	2
Thatcher	0
Others	18
(5) In Paper	199
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	11
Paper manufacture	16
Stationer (not Law)	125
Paper-stainer	12
Others Workers in Paper	35
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	3,537
(1) In Mining	19
Coal-miner	2
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	0
Iron-miner	0
Others	17
(2) In Coal	651
Coal Merchant, Dealer	110
Coalheaver, Labourer	158
Coke Burner, Dealer	16
Chimney Sweeper	47
Gas Works Service	313
Other Workers in Coal	7
(3) In Stone, Clay	367
Stone Quarrier	0
Stone Cutter, Polisher	51
Slate Quarrier	1
Limestone Quar., Burner	10
Clay Labourer	1
Brick Maker, Dealer	59
Railway Labourer	68
Platelayer	8
Excavator, Navvy	43
Road Contractor, &c.	7
Road Labourer	51
Scavenger	4
Dust Collector	17
Others	47
(4) In Earthenware	404
Earthenware manuf.	333
Tobacco-pipe Makers	28
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	36
Others	7
(5) In Glass	119
Glass manufacture	108
Other Workers in Glass	11
(6) In Salt	2
Salt manufacture	2
Other Dealers in Salt	0
(7) In Water	38
Waterworks Service	29
Others	9
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	168
Goldsmith, Jeweller	132
Plater, Plated Wareman	7
Others	29
(9) In Copper	55
Copper manufacture	4
Coppersmith	49
Others	2
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	105
Tin manufacture	1
Tinman, Tinker	32
Tinplate Worker	69
Others	3
(11) In Zinc	19
Zinc manufacture	19
Others	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	41
Lead manufacture	14
Typefounder	13
Others	14
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	394
Brass Founder, manuf.	176
Brazier	11
Locksmith, Bellhanger	21
Gasfitter	134
Wire Maker, Drawer	1
Wire Worker, Weaver	10
Others	41
(14) In Iron and Steel	1,155
Iron manufacture	226
Whitesmith	87
Blacksmith	540
Nail manufacture	1
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	0
Boiler-maker	196
Ironmonger	84
Hardwareman, Dealer	8
Steel manufacture	1
Grinder (branch undef.)	2
Others	10
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	2,970
(1) General Labourers	2,692
Labourer	2,692
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	278
Mechanic	14
Shopman	50
Apprentice	2
Others of indef. occu.	212
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	485
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	485
Gentleman	259
Annuitant	226
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	33
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	32
Dependent on Relatives	9
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	2
Pauper, no stated occ.	9
Lunatic, no stated occ.	1
Others	11
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	0
Prisoner, no stated occ.	0
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	1
Vagrant, Beggar	1
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	665
Visitor, no stated occ.	20
Others of no stated occupation or condition	645

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Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.