Vision of Ireland | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show Essex RegC table	West Ham RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	15,021
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	293
(1) Officers of National Government	118
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	18
Post Office	51
Inland Revenue	18
Customs	31
Government Messengers, Workmen	0
Dockyard Artificers	0
Other Govt.	0
(2) Officers of Local Government	168
Magistrate	4
Police	127
Prison Officer	4
Union and Parish Officer	17
Officer of Local Board	0
Other Local Officers	16
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	7
E. India and Col. Service	7
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	62
(1) Army	36
Army Officer	4
Army Half-pay Officer	6
Soldier	13
Chelsea Pensioner	10
Militia	1
Others	2
(2) Navy	26
Navy Officer	2
Navy Half-pay Officer	5
Seaman, R.N.	5
Royal Marine	0
Greenwich Pensioner	10
Others	4
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	433
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	78
Clergyman	32
Protestant Minister	13
Roman Catholic Priest	3
Other Relig. Teachers	15
Parish Clerk	3
Other Church Officers	12
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	92
Barrister	7
Solicitor	43
Law Student	1
Other Lawyers	0
Officers of Law Court	2
Law Clerk	38
Law Stationer	1
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	98
Physician	6
Surgeon, Apothecary	34
Medical Student, Assist.	5
Dentist	0
Druggist	53
Others	0
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	9
Author, Editor, Writer	5
Ors. eng. in Literature	4
(5) Artists	22
Artist, Painter	10
Sculptor	0
Engraver	7
Photographic Artist	5
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	0
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	14
Musician	11
Music-master	3
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	4
Actor	0
In Theatres, Exhibitions	4
(8) Teachers	81
Schoolmaster	55
Teacher of Languages	4
Profes. of Mathematics	0
Teacher (General)	18
Teacher of Dancing	1
Other Teachers	3
(9) Scientific Persons	35
Civil Engineer	31
Other Scientific Persons	4
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	55
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	51
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	51
(4) Scholars (so described)	4
Scholar (so described)	4
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	912
(1) In Board and Lodging	225
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	16
Publican	111
Beerseller	74
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	4
Coffee-house Keeper	17
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	2
Others--Boarding, &c.	1
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	687
Domst. Serv. (General)	157
Coachman	102
Groom	69
Gardener	281
Inn Servant	74
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	1
Others	3
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	635
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	551
Merchant	97
Banker	9
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	6
Stock Broker, &c.	17
Ship Broker, Agent	37
Broker	24
Agent, Factor	29
Coal, Colliery Agent	2
Iron Merchant, Agent	5
Salesman	5
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	10
Accountant	29
Commercial Clerk	241
Commercial Traveller	30
Other Mercantile Men	10
(2) Other General Dealers	84
Pawnbroker	19
Marine-store Dealer	11
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	31
Shopkeeper	8
Hawker, Pedlar	15
Other General Dealers	0
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	2,564
(1) Carriers on Railways	405
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	131
Railway Official	82
Railway Servant	188
Railway Police	1
Ors. eng. in	3
(2) Carriers on Roads	320
Toll Collector	8
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	0
Livery Staple Keeper	0
Coachman (not domstc.)	108
Cabman, Flyman	11
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	192
Others	1
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	75
Canal and River Service	0
Bargeman, Waterman	75
Others	0
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	1,653
Shipowner	7
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	573
Pilot	0
Boatman on Seas	0
Dock Servant, Labourer	982
Wharfinger	7
Others	84
(5) Engaged in Storage	43
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	26
Others in Storage	17
(6) Messengers and Porters	68
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	59
Telegraph Service	9
Others in Messages	0
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	1,669
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	1,272
Land Proprietor	35
Farmer, Grazier	78
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	11
Farm Bailiff	27
Agricultural Labourer	1,091
Shepherd (out-door)	9
Farm Servant (in-door)	5
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	12
Others in Agriculture	4
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	1
Woodman	1
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	396
Gardener	378
Nurseryman	17
Others in Horticulture	1
9. Persons engaged about Animals	181
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	181
Horse Dealer	11
Horsebreaker	4
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	96
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	33
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	14
Drover	6
Pig Merchant, Dealer	1
Gamekeeper	3
Vermin Destroyer	2
Fisherman	8
Others about Animals	3
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	2,985
(1) In Books	100
Bookseller, Publisher	24
Bookbinder	4
Printer	60
Newspaper Agent	7
Others in Publications	5
(2) In Musical Instrument	6
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	5
Others	1
(3) In Prints and Pictures	18
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	9
Others	9
(4) In Carving and Figures	8
Wood-carver	4
Others	4
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	4
Toy Maker, Dealer	3
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	1
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	10
Pattern Designer	7
Others	3
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	61
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	44
Optician	7
Weight or Measure Mkr.	4
Others	6
(8) In Surgical Instruments	2
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	1
Others	1
(9) In Arms	11
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	11
Others	0
(10) In Machines	337
Eng. and Mach. Maker	318
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	0
Scissors-maker	0
Tool Maker, Dealer	2
File-maker	2
Saw Smith, Maker	1
Cutler	2
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	0
Razor-maker	1
Others in Tools, Mchns.	11
(11) In Carriages	148
Coachmaker	147
Others	1
(12) In Harness	32
Saddler, Harness-maker	27
Whip-maker	5
(13) In Ships	364
Shipbldr., Shipwright	319
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	13
Boat, Barge,--Builder	8
Sailmaker	13
Others	11
(14) In Houses and Buildings	1,569
House Proprietor	70
House Agent	10
Architect	18
Surveyor	11
Builder	85
Carpenter, Joiner	583
Bricklayer	442
Marble Mason	4
Mason, Pavior	56
Slater, Tiler	9
Plasterer	33
Paperhanger	8
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	238
Others	2
(15) In Furniture	100
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	71
Undertaker	3
Chair-maker	12
Picture-frame Maker	1
Carver, Gilder	2
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	2
Furniture Broker	8
Others	1
(16) In Implements	95
Wheelwright	82
Millwright	12
Other Implement Mkrs.	1
(17) In Chemicals	120
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	91
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	3
Dyer, Calenderer	10
Others	16
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	902
(1) In Wool and Worsted	19
Woolstapler	0
Felt manufacture	0
Woollen Cloth manuf.	7
Clothier	5
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	0
Worsted manufacture	4
Stuff manufacture	1
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	2
Others	0
(2) In Silk	189
Silk manufacture	58
Silk Dyer, Printer	118
Silk Mercer	8
Ribbon manufacture	1
Others	4
(3) In Cotton and Flax	12
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	2
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	3
Cotton manufacture	1
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	6
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	0
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	85
Packer and Presser	2
Weaver (undefined)	0
Manchester Warehmn.	7
Draper, Mercer	70
Others	6
(5) In Dress	583
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	32
Hatter, Hat manuf.	14
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	0
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	2
Tailor	131
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	9
Button-maker	0
Hose manufacture	4
Hosier, Haberdasher	6
Glover, Leather, &c.	0
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	369
Patten, Clog,--Maker	1
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	7
Others providing Dress	8
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	14
Mat Maker, Seller	3
Rope, Cord,--Maker	6
Canvas Maker, Dealer	0
Sailcloth manufacture	0
Others	5
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	969
(1) In Animal Food	271
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	56
Cheesemonger	12
Butcher, Meat Salesman	153
Provision Curer, Dealer	11
Poulterer, Game Dealer	10
Fishmonger	29
Others	0
(2) In Vegetable Food	423
Corn Merchant, Dealer	42
Miller	29
Flour Dealer, Agent	4
Baker	202
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	50
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	78
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	3
Potato Merchant	1
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	5
Sugar Refiner	7
Others	2
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	275
Maltster	3
Brewer, &c.	37
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	38
Distiller, Rectifier	13
Cellarman	4
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	7
Grocer, Tea Dealer	152
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	6
Tobacconist	9
Others	6
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	90
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	68
Soap-boiler	9
Tallow-chandler	15
Comb-maker	3
Others	41
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	12
Fellmonger	0
Skinner	0
Tanner	1
Currier	8
Others	3
(3) In Hair	10
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	0
Brush, Broom,--Maker	10
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	341
(1) In Gums and Resins	80
Oil Miller, Refiner	8
Oil and Colourman	16
French-polisher	5
Japanner	4
Others	47
(2) In Wood	218
Timber Merch., Dealer	19
Wood Dealer	1
Sawyer	114
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	0
Lath-maker	3
Turner	21
Box-maker	3
Cooper	50
Hoop Maker, Bender	1
Others	6
(3) In Bark	2
Cork Cutter, manuf.	2
Others Workers in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	15
Basket-maker	7
Hay and Straw Dealer	2
Thatcher	3
Others	3
(5) In Paper	26
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	5
Paper manufacture	1
Stationer (not Law)	17
Paper-stainer	1
Others Workers in Paper	2
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	1,593
(1) In Mining	6
Coal-miner	1
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	0
Iron-miner	0
Others	5
(2) In Coal	150
Coal Merchant, Dealer	31
Coalheaver, Labourer	72
Coke Burner, Dealer	2
Chimney Sweeper	12
Gas Works Service	30
Other Workers in Coal	3
(3) In Stone, Clay	668
Stone Quarrier	1
Stone Cutter, Polisher	0
Slate Quarrier	1
Limestone Quar., Burner	4
Clay Labourer	0
Brick Maker, Dealer	35
Railway Labourer	208
Platelayer	24
Excavator, Navvy	316
Road Contractor, &c.	3
Road Labourer	64
Scavenger	7
Dust Collector	0
Others	5
(4) In Earthenware	14
Earthenware manuf.	3
Tobacco-pipe Makers	8
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	3
Others	0
(5) In Glass	10
Glass manufacture	7
Other Workers in Glass	3
(6) In Salt	0
Salt manufacture	0
Other Dealers in Salt	0
(7) In Water	19
Waterworks Service	12
Others	7
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	17
Goldsmith, Jeweller	15
Plater, Plated Wareman	0
Others	2
(9) In Copper	21
Copper manufacture	0
Coppersmith	21
Others	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	25
Tin manufacture	0
Tinman, Tinker	15
Tinplate Worker	10
Others	0
(11) In Zinc	9
Zinc manufacture	7
Others	2
(12) In Lead and Antimony	2
Lead manufacture	1
Typefounder	0
Others	1
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	64
Brass Founder, manuf.	19
Brazier	7
Locksmith, Bellhanger	8
Gasfitter	24
Wire Maker, Drawer	2
Wire Worker, Weaver	0
Others	4
(14) In Iron and Steel	588
Iron manufacture	111
Whitesmith	21
Blacksmith	281
Nail manufacture	0
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	3
Boiler-maker	140
Ironmonger	15
Hardwareman, Dealer	0
Steel manufacture	0
Grinder (branch undef.)	2
Others	15
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	1,016
(1) General Labourers	924
Labourer	924
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	92
Mechanic	4
Shopman	8
Apprentice	0
Others of indef. occu.	80
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	105
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	105
Gentleman	43
Annuitant	62
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	29
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	10
Dependent on Relatives	5
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	0
Pauper, no stated occ.	4
Lunatic, no stated occ.	1
Others	0
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	0
Prisoner, no stated occ.	0
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	19
Vagrant, Beggar	1
Gipsy	18
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	187
Visitor, no stated occ.	13
Others of no stated occupation or condition	174

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Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.