Vision of Ireland | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Staffordshire RegC	West Bromwich RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	203	16
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	53	8
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	37	1
Police	69	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	25	7
Other Local or County Official	19	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	33	4
Army Officer (effective/retired)	4	3
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	12	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	7	-
Army Pensioner	7	1
Navy Pensioner	3	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	768	801
Clergymen (Established Church)	44	1
Roman Catholic Priest	4	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	31	1
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	8	3
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	16
Theological Student	5	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	20	2
Barrister, Solicitor	51	-
Law Student	5	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	64	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	37	-
Dentist	7	-
Medical Student, Assistant	19	-
Midwife	-	7
Subordinate Medical Service	9	138
Schoolmaster	195	437
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	8	121
School Service, and others connected with teaching	10	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	7	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	5	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	8	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	2	-
Civil Engineer	30	-
Mining Engineer	31	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	12	-
Painter (artist)	29	7
Engraver (artist)	8	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	33	-
Musician, Music Master	50	48
Art Student	10	9
Photographer	13	4
Actor	6	5
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	4	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	330	5,440
Domestic Coachman, Groom	89	-
Domestic Gardener	88	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	68	4,779
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	4	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	67	96
College, Club Service	1	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	5
Cook (not domestic)	1	1
Charwoman	1	166
Washing and Bathing Service	6	381
Hospital and Institution Service	2	12
Others engaged in Service	1	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	1,497	41
Merchant	42	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	120	4
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	31	-
Accountant	48	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	5	1
Commercial Traveller	195	3
Commercial Clerk	922	32
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	6	-
Banker	1	-
Bank Service	62	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	64	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,635	96
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	9	-
Railway Guard	1	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	26	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	223	2
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	3	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	16	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	118	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	397	3
Tramway Companies' Service	11	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	1	-
Inland Navigation Service	56	2
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	448	9
Navigation Service (on shore)	3	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	15	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	39	1
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	101	72
Meter, Weigher	4	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	161	3
Telegraph, Telephone Service	3	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	726	28
Farmer, Grazier	89	2
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	19	-
Farm Bailiff	16	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	418	24
Shepherd	6	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	2	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Woodman	4	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	6	-
Gardener (not domestic)	165	2
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	136	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	11	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	106	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	11	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	2	-
Drover	5	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	139	21
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	16	2
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	4	2
Bookbinder	4	7
Printer	96	10
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	6	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	13	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	2,066	73
Engine, Machine Maker	260	2
Millwright	30	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	691	2
Boiler Maker	274	2
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	1	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	84	1
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	208	2
Cutler, Scissors Maker	6	-
File Maker	48	-
Saw Maker	4	-
Pin Maker	4	3
Needle Maker	1	-
Steel Pen Maker	7	16
Domestic Implement Maker	36	2
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	80	6
Philosophical Instrument Maker	24	2
Electrical Apparatus Maker	2	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	47	29
Surgical Instrument Maker	-	1
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	189	2
Sword, Bayonet - Maker, Cutler	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	14	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	45	1
Toy Maker, Dealer	-	1
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	3	1
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,292	42
Builder	92	-
Carpenter, Joiner	497	2
Bricklayer	554	4
Mason	44	-
Slater, Tiler	38	1
Plasterer, Whitewasher	40	-
Paperhanger	4	-
Plumber	65	1
Painter, Glazier	306	7
Cabinet Maker	53	13
French Polisher	8	5
Furniture Broker, Dealer	17	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	44	3
Gas Fitter	501	4
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	11	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	5	-
Wood Carver	1	-
Carver, Gilder	8	2
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	4	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	883	13
Coachmaker	492	6
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	108	-
Wheelwright	157	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Others	24	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	98	7
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	76	1
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	75	1
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	323	86
Dye, Paint Manufacture	9	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	4	-
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	2	3
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	13	16
Chemist, Druggist	68	4
Manufacturing Chemist	186	63
Alkali Manufacture	37	-
Drysalter	4	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	15	12
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	13	10
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	2	2
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,739	291
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	276	43
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	31
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	13	9
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Maltster	67	-
Brewer	123	6
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	77	16
Cellarman	6	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	23	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	58	4
Butcher, Meat Salesman	278	23
Provision Curer, Dealer	25	16
Poulterer, Game Dealer	9	1
Fishmonger	24	4
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	40	4
Corn Miller	27	-
Baker	154	12
Confectioner, Pastrycook	29	29
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	112	31
Sugar Refiner	5	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	372	61
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	18	1
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	189	67
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	1	3
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	2	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	2	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	-	1
Ribbon Manufacture	-	2
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	2	2
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	3
Tape Manufacturer, Dealer	2	1
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	-	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	15	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Weaver (undefined)	1	2
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	5	2
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	-	1
Felt Manufacture	1	1
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	2	1
Manchester Warehouseman	2	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	148	36
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	7
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	3
Embroiderer	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	543	1,316
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	16	2
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	4
Tailor	160	121
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	4	1,053
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	3	56
Hosiery Manufacture	2	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	15	11
Glover, Glove Maker	-	1
Button Maker, Dealer	27	18
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	256	40
Patten, Clog Maker	8	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	44	3
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	6	1
Accoutrement Maker	1	-
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	5
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	66	26
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	3	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	3	14
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	3	2
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	6	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	4	-
Currier	20	4
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	12	1
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	-	1
Brush, Broom, Maker	13	4
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	290	56
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	11	-
Oil and Colourman	2	-
Japanner	10	22
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	2	1
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	5	3
Others	1	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	14	4
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	6	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	37	-
Sawyer	93	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	3	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	19	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	53	2
Paper Manufacture	5	2
Stationer, Law Stationer	12	14
Card, Pattern Card Maker	1	1
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	12	4
Others	4	1
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	13,701	1,160
Coal Miner	2,228	47
Ironstone Miner	44	3
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	43	6
Mine Service	37	-
[Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook]	15	-
Coal Merchant	154	12
Coalheaver	54	4
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	34	25
Gas Works Service	170	-
Stone Quarrier	12	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	7	-
Limeburner	10	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	12	1
Well Sinker, Borer	22	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	4	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	497	306
Paviour	5	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	2	-
Road Labourer	33	-
Railway Contractor	4	-
Platelayer	39	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	76	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	28	11
Glass Manufacture	549	36
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	21	8
Salt Maker, Dealer	1	-
Waterworks Service	6	-
Others	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	475	38
Gold, Silver, Beater	1	-
Lapidary	3	-
Others	2	1
[Iron Manufacture]	6,621	127
[Steel Manufacture]	77	1
Blacksmith	850	2
Whitesmith	123	-
Nail Manufacture	75	172
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	53	2
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	114	5
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	123	11
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	33	1
[Coppersmith]	7	1
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	60	6
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	15	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	66	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	242	27
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	5	25
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	70	5
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	27	1
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	345	249
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	47	3
Clasp, Buckle, Hinge Maker	46	14
Fancy Chain, Gilt Toy Maker	10	8
Others	102	1
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	5,242	439
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	79	99
Pawnbroker	28	40
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	23	19
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	127	6
Contractor (undefined)	14	-
General Labourer	3,284	54
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	476	2
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	879	75
Apprentice (undefined)	14	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	267	134
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	51	8
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	41	2
Town Drainage Service	12	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	13	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	8	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	8	2
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	463	2,274
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	463	2,274
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	741	22,300
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	54	15
[Blank field, or illegible]	687	22,285

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)