Vision of Ireland | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List England Dep	Surrey RegC

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	225,401
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	5,364
(1) Officers of National Government	2,862
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	973
Post Office	773
Inland Revenue	259
Customs	504
Government Messengers, Workmen	296
Dockyard Artificers	19
Other Govt.	38
(2) Officers of Local Government	2,367
Magistrate	75
Police	1,658
Prison Officer	157
Union and Parish Officer	294
Officer of Local Board	26
Other Local Officers	157
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	135
E. India and Col. Service	135
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	13,189
(1) Army	12,817
Army Officer	660
Army Half-pay Officer	184
Soldier	11,400
Chelsea Pensioner	396
Militia	133
Others	44
(2) Navy	372
Navy Officer	78
Navy Half-pay Officer	105
Seaman, R.N.	55
Royal Marine	23
Greenwich Pensioner	90
Others	21
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	9,281
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	1,227
Clergyman	588
Protestant Minister	209
Roman Catholic Priest	53
Other Relig. Teachers	195
Parish Clerk	64
Other Church Officers	118
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	2,606
Barrister	252
Solicitor	872
Law Student	29
Other Lawyers	41
Officers of Law Court	153
Law Clerk	1,145
Law Stationer	114
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	1,805
Physician	133
Surgeon, Apothecary	724
Medical Student, Assist.	197
Dentist	72
Druggist	651
Others	28
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	367
Author, Editor, Writer	158
Ors. eng. in Literature	209
(5) Artists	838
Artist, Painter	402
Sculptor	44
Engraver	231
Photographic Artist	153
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	8
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	653
Musician	490
Music-master	159
Others	4
(7) Actors, Actresses	302
Actor	144
In Theatres, Exhibitions	158
(8) Teachers	1,125
Schoolmaster	719
Teacher of Languages	119
Profes. of Mathematics	41
Teacher (General)	140
Teacher of Dancing	41
Other Teachers	65
(9) Scientific Persons	358
Civil Engineer	304
Other Scientific Persons	54
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	775
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	587
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	587
(4) Scholars (so described)	188
Scholar (so described)	188
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	11,174
(1) In Board and Lodging	3,518
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	383
Publican	1,741
Beerseller	715
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	65
Coffee-house Keeper	291
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	156
Others--Boarding, &c.	167
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	7,656
Domst. Serv. (General)	2,272
Coachman	1,139
Groom	659
Gardener	1,725
Inn Servant	1,736
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	83
Others	42
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	11,488
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	9,022
Merchant	1,244
Banker	78
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	289
Stock Broker, &c.	288
Ship Broker, Agent	224
Broker	303
Agent, Factor	572
Coal, Colliery Agent	26
Iron Merchant, Agent	22
Salesman	73
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	224
Accountant	426
Commercial Clerk	4,160
Commercial Traveller	940
Other Mercantile Men	153
(2) Other General Dealers	2,466
Pawnbroker	238
Marine-store Dealer	205
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	1,065
Shopkeeper	177
Hawker, Pedlar	734
Other General Dealers	47
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	21,500
(1) Carriers on Railways	2,651
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	520
Railway Official	609
Railway Servant	1,483
Railway Police	26
Ors. eng. in	13
(2) Carriers on Roads	6,969
Toll Collector	112
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	338
Livery Staple Keeper	71
Coachman (not domstc.)	1,517
Cabman, Flyman	920
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	3,962
Others	49
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	1,960
Canal and River Service	37
Bargeman, Waterman	1,909
Others	14
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	6,102
Shipowner	35
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	3,025
Pilot	17
Boatman on Seas	1
Dock Servant, Labourer	2,580
Wharfinger	219
Others	225
(5) Engaged in Storage	1,323
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	1,063
Others in Storage	260
(6) Messengers and Porters	2,495
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	2,404
Telegraph Service	85
Others in Messages	6
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	25,484
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	19,794
Land Proprietor	545
Farmer, Grazier	1,904
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	505
Farm Bailiff	380
Agricultural Labourer	15,442
Shepherd (out-door)	350
Farm Servant (in-door)	512
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	105
Others in Agriculture	51
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	120
Woodman	117
Others in Arboriculture	3
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	5,570
Gardener	5,213
Nurseryman	297
Others in Horticulture	60
9. Persons engaged about Animals	2,762
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	2,762
Horse Dealer	52
Horsebreaker	37
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	1,479
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	512
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	90
Drover	107
Pig Merchant, Dealer	15
Gamekeeper	247
Vermin Destroyer	36
Fisherman	105
Others about Animals	82
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	41,520
(1) In Books	3,875
Bookseller, Publisher	502
Bookbinder	569
Printer	2,529
Newspaper Agent	233
Others in Publications	42
(2) In Musical Instrument	370
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	281
Others	89
(3) In Prints and Pictures	585
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	202
Others	383
(4) In Carving and Figures	224
Wood-carver	101
Others	123
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	202
Toy Maker, Dealer	111
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	91
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	148
Pattern Designer	78
Others	70
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	775
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	508
Optician	79
Weight or Measure Mkr.	88
Others	100
(8) In Surgical Instruments	101
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	74
Others	27
(9) In Arms	280
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	231
Others	49
(10) In Machines	3,253
Eng. and Mach. Maker	2,821
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	11
Scissors-maker	0
Tool Maker, Dealer	85
File-maker	35
Saw Smith, Maker	46
Cutler	103
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	0
Razor-maker	0
Others in Tools, Mchns.	152
(11) In Carriages	1,152
Coachmaker	1,107
Others	45
(12) In Harness	722
Saddler, Harness-maker	651
Whip-maker	71
(13) In Ships	1,199
Shipbldr., Shipwright	601
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	89
Boat, Barge,--Builder	340
Sailmaker	108
Others	61
(14) In Houses and Buildings	24,100
House Proprietor	849
House Agent	174
Architect	277
Surveyor	189
Builder	1,149
Carpenter, Joiner	8,164
Bricklayer	5,770
Marble Mason	67
Mason, Pavior	1,264
Slater, Tiler	182
Plasterer	1,025
Paperhanger	199
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	4,642
Others	149
(15) In Furniture	2,453
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	1,112
Undertaker	143
Chair-maker	501
Picture-frame Maker	70
Carver, Gilder	248
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	111
Furniture Broker	200
Others	68
(16) In Implements	1,211
Wheelwright	978
Millwright	219
Other Implement Mkrs.	14
(17) In Chemicals	870
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	304
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	98
Dyer, Calenderer	257
Others	211
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	17,881
(1) In Wool and Worsted	646
Woolstapler	90
Felt manufacture	41
Woollen Cloth manuf.	130
Clothier	60
Fuller	2
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	2
Worsted manufacture	77
Stuff manufacture	6
Flannel manufacture	2
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	148
Others	88
(2) In Silk	428
Silk manufacture	185
Silk Dyer, Printer	115
Silk Mercer	54
Ribbon manufacture	19
Others	55
(3) In Cotton and Flax	325
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	39
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	44
Cotton manufacture	37
Fustian manufacture	2
Muslin manufacture	6
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	111
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	3
Others	83
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	1,938
Packer and Presser	32
Weaver (undefined)	34
Manchester Warehmn.	132
Draper, Mercer	1,655
Others	85
(5) In Dress	13,612
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	541
Hatter, Hat manuf.	1,401
Straw Plait manuf.	4
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	52
Shawl manufacture	11
Furrier	162
Tailor	3,193
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	183
Button-maker	19
Hose manufacture	67
Hosier, Haberdasher	192
Glover, Leather, &c.	103
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	7,013
Patten, Clog,--Maker	40
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	118
Others providing Dress	513
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	932
Mat Maker, Seller	122
Rope, Cord,--Maker	349
Canvas Maker, Dealer	8
Sailcloth manufacture	4
Others	449
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	17,109
(1) In Animal Food	4,897
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	923
Cheesemonger	389
Butcher, Meat Salesman	2,337
Provision Curer, Dealer	267
Poulterer, Game Dealer	131
Fishmonger	787
Others	63
(2) In Vegetable Food	6,196
Corn Merchant, Dealer	795
Miller	727
Flour Dealer, Agent	58
Baker	2,844
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	409
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	1,016
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	118
Potato Merchant	81
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	91
Sugar Refiner	31
Others	26
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	6,016
Maltster	162
Brewer, &c.	1,093
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	615
Distiller, Rectifier	145
Cellarman	193
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	106
Grocer, Tea Dealer	2,635
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	208
Tobacconist	306
Others	553
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	6,202
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	992
Soap-boiler	114
Tallow-chandler	422
Comb-maker	105
Others	351
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	4,327
Fellmonger	230
Skinner	154
Tanner	1,333
Currier	2,074
Others	536
(3) In Hair	883
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	57
Brush, Broom,--Maker	811
Others	15
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	7,284
(1) In Gums and Resins	1,029
Oil Miller, Refiner	96
Oil and Colourman	360
French-polisher	294
Japanner	129
Others	150
(2) In Wood	4,599
Timber Merch., Dealer	544
Wood Dealer	302
Sawyer	1,450
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	18
Lath-maker	88
Turner	314
Box-maker	108
Cooper	1,318
Hoop Maker, Bender	113
Others	344
(3) In Bark	171
Cork Cutter, manuf.	164
Others Workers in Bark	7
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	429
Basket-maker	268
Hay and Straw Dealer	18
Thatcher	46
Others	97
(5) In Paper	1,056
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	90
Paper manufacture	270
Stationer (not Law)	499
Paper-stainer	63
Others Workers in Paper	134
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	14,343
(1) In Mining	86
Coal-miner	13
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	1
Lead-miner	0
Iron-miner	1
Others	71
(2) In Coal	2,142
Coal Merchant, Dealer	474
Coalheaver, Labourer	564
Coke Burner, Dealer	46
Chimney Sweeper	234
Gas Works Service	755
Other Workers in Coal	69
(3) In Stone, Clay	2,908
Stone Quarrier	34
Stone Cutter, Polisher	106
Slate Quarrier	2
Limestone Quar., Burner	56
Clay Labourer	1
Brick Maker, Dealer	774
Railway Labourer	648
Platelayer	155
Excavator, Navvy	434
Road Contractor, &c.	31
Road Labourer	266
Scavenger	31
Dust Collector	69
Others	301
(4) In Earthenware	824
Earthenware manuf.	480
Tobacco-pipe Makers	163
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	156
Others	25
(5) In Glass	454
Glass manufacture	391
Other Workers in Glass	63
(6) In Salt	9
Salt manufacture	7
Other Dealers in Salt	2
(7) In Water	181
Waterworks Service	135
Others	46
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	537
Goldsmith, Jeweller	420
Plater, Plated Wareman	16
Others	101
(9) In Copper	232
Copper manufacture	46
Coppersmith	178
Others	8
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	550
Tin manufacture	2
Tinman, Tinker	238
Tinplate Worker	297
Others	13
(11) In Zinc	70
Zinc manufacture	69
Others	1
(12) In Lead and Antimony	191
Lead manufacture	63
Typefounder	57
Others	71
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	1,360
Brass Founder, manuf.	513
Brazier	55
Locksmith, Bellhanger	88
Gasfitter	432
Wire Maker, Drawer	28
Wire Worker, Weaver	112
Others	132
(14) In Iron and Steel	4,799
Iron manufacture	762
Whitesmith	424
Blacksmith	2,629
Nail manufacture	4
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	0
Boiler-maker	432
Ironmonger	442
Hardwareman, Dealer	33
Steel manufacture	5
Grinder (branch undef.)	12
Others	56
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	14,529
(1) General Labourers	13,539
Labourer	13,539
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	990
Mechanic	73
Shopman	138
Apprentice	16
Others of indef. occu.	763
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	1,935
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	1,935
Gentleman	866
Annuitant	1,069
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	516
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	449
Dependent on Relatives	48
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	56
Pauper, no stated occ.	107
Lunatic, no stated occ.	149
Others	89
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	0
Prisoner, no stated occ.	0
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	67
Vagrant, Beggar	47
Gipsy	20
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	3,065
Visitor, no stated occ.	142
Others of no stated occupation or condition	2,923

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.