Percentage of Total Population on Poor Relief
WELFARE_TOT:total * 100.0 / WELFARE_POP:total
This rate presents the total number of men, women and children receiving relief as a percentage of the total population as counted by the census. For almost all dates, this rate was much higher in agricultural areas than in industrial districts, and especially in those areas focused on grain production, where much of the workforce was needed only at harvest. The data are available only for the 1st of January and the 1st of July, and rates are almost always much higher in January.